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X Window System
The X window system (commonly X Window System or X11, based on its current major version being 11) is a display server and network protocol that provides a basis for a GUIIndex graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and rich input device capability for networked computers. In Liunux it sits between the Operating System kernel and the WindowManagers Window Manger.
X is primarily a protocol and graphics primitives definition and it deliberately contains no specification for application user interface design, such as button, menu, or window title bar styles.
Xorg
Most common implementation of the X Window System X.Org
X.Org libraries: http://xorg.freedesktop.org/releases/individual/lib/?C=M;O=D
System Information
Video information: /var/log/Xorg.0.log
Use X -version to display version information.
Also on the Wiki
Xlib - functions to interact with X server
Related Webpages
WikiPedia:X_Window_System - Overview of protocol
WikiPedia:X_Window_System_core_protocol - Details of core protocol
WikiPedia:Xlib - X Window System protocol client library
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